文献笔记|Forms of Relational Meaning: Issues in the Relations Between the Implicit and Reflective-Verbal Domains

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摘要

隐性知识 vs 反思语言域:

  • 意义,思考,反思,经验,内隐的关系认识
  • 共同点 #1:意图是心理意义的的基本单位
  • 共同点 #2:跨域共享相同的微观结构
  • 共同点 #3:镜像神经元、语言中心、独立运动和感知中心的并行激活
  • 反思语言从隐性知识之中涌现
    • 「主要的隐喻」
    • 动觉概念
    • 图像 / 手势作为具身心智模型
    • 语言的非言语语境
  • 反思语言从隐性知识之中涌现的脱节
  • 从两人互动的角度来看意义

结论:

  1. The intention is implicitly experienced.
  2. A reflective-verbal version of this implicit experience is grounded in the nonverbal mental/body concepts contained in the implicit domain. The grounding is based on phylogeny, ontogeny and culture.
  3. There is an inevitable disjunction between the implicit and the reflective-verbal. This is not a lack or a problem, it is just another property of the emerging gestalt.

文献笔记|The “Something More” than Interpretation Revisited: Sloppiness and Co-Creativity in the Psychoanalytic Encounter

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摘要

  • inherently sloppy process
  • changes in complex systems are unpredictable and arise out of the interaction of elements
  • indeterminacy and surprise are inherent properties of intersubjective systems
  • Because the implicit level represents goal-directed interpersonal action, with its strong affective valences and conflictual elements, this level is also rich in psychodynamic meaning, without necessarily being part of the dynamic unconscious
  • The sloppiness of a therapeutic dyadic system emerges in part from a core feature of therapeutic interaction that we will refer to as fuzzy intentionalizing
  • Progressively, out of the sloppiness, patient and analyst have co-created islands of intentional fittedness and shared direction
  • Through the same process, of using the co-creativity of sloppiness, these islands then coalesced to make larger spaces of shared implicit knowing.
  • One could say that sloppiness is to a two-person psychology what free association is to a one-person psychology
  • However, there is also an important difference. Free associations are assumed to lead to and from pre-existing networks of meanings.Sloppiness, by contrast, is not part of any established organization, even though it, too, is influenced by the past.

文献笔记|Non-Interpretive Mechanisms in Psychoanalytic Therapy: The ‘Something More’ Than Interpretation

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摘要

目前为止,业内共识在于,要达成治疗性改变,除了解释之外,我们还需要做更多的事情。互动主体过程之中「内隐关系知识」,包括病人与分析师之间发生的主体间时刻(相遇时刻),这些时刻可在二者之间建立新的组织,它们不仅重组分析关系,而且重组病人隐性程序知识,以及行事方式。这一变化则是造成持久治疗效果的重要原因之一。

病人倾向记忆的两种事件:1)关键诠释重新构建了他们的内在心理状态;2)分析师与病人之间的真实人际联系的特殊时刻,它们改变了分析关系,从而改变了病人的自我感觉。

——治疗失败或者终止,不是因为错误或者不可接受的解释,而是因为错过两人之间建立有意义的联系的机会。

解释与相遇时刻,互补而非对立。好的解释需要准备。

  • 显式 (声明性的) / 隐性(过程性的)
  • 内隐关系知识 / 移情
  • 突然发生的质变
  • 相遇时刻可以创造新的主体间环境,并且改变「内隐关系知识」领域
  • 准备过程:’moving along’ and ‘present moments’
  • 相遇时刻可能导致一个解释,解释也可能导致相遇时刻或者与之相反的情况
  • 开放空间
  • 「共有的内隐关系」作为治疗之中相互作用的源泉

文献笔记|An Expanded View of Intersubjectivity in Infancy and its Application to Psychoanalysis

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摘要

婴儿前符号化的、非言语、内隐维度的主体间性;心智的对话起源,交流角色,主体间性的符号形式;以上皆是成人外显与内隐主体间性的起源。

互动调节的所有光谱之下的模式为主体间性的前符号起源提供了广泛定义。

Meltzoff, Trevarthen, Stern 等人对于精神分析的贡献:

  • 心智的起源是二元的,对话的和象征性的。
  • 交流的作用:对应,匹配和相似,构成了「我与你同在」的基础;同时包括活力,游戏,享受。
  • Meltzoff:模仿,观察,镜像体验。
  • Trevarthen:对话交流是婴儿的天生能力;主体间性的语言形式具有前语言的基础,主体间性最初是前语言的——语言失败的时候,精神分析还可以继续使用前语言,而所有主体间性的语言形式都将继续依赖前语言或非语言形式。
  • Stern:扩展匹配概念成为「过程」,且将其定义为从根本上是「二元」的;用以匹配的是内部状态,而非明显行为。
  • 匹配概念的困难:快速重新匹配,或是匹配失调;包含「补偿性 / 相似性」两种形式。
  • 差异的作用:更加中性的主体间性的定义支柱,「追逐、闪避」或者「差异」更是一种主体间性的形式;而在不同情景之下,差异、相似具有不同含义。
  • 不同交互模型
  • 自我调节是主体间性的重要方面,但在之前的研究之中被忽略了。

自我调节与互动调节的平衡模型:最佳范围

本文观点:matching positive and negative states, difference states, modes of disruption and repair, distress regulation—and, in fact, all patterns of self-and interactive regulation, including vigilant, midrange, and inhibited contingencies, as well as the loss of the dialogue in states of loss of tonus or “deadness”—are relevant to early presymbolic forms of intersubjectivity.